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PXE CentOS

PXE 无人值守安装CentOS 7

相关环境信息

主机iptables,firewalld和SElinux均为关闭状态

  • DHCP 服务器

    为客户端提供必要的网络信息，如IP、netmask、gateway、dns等，并向客户端提供引导文件(pxelinux.0)的位置(filename)及TFTP服务器地址(next-server)等。

  • TFTP 服务器

    主要为客户端提供内核文件和引导文件。

  • FTP 服务器(或者HTTP服务器都可)

    为客户端提供 kickstart 自动化响应安装文件和系统镜像文件(YUM仓库)。

DHCP 服务器

修改/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf配置文件

cat >> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf << EOF
> #DHCP configuration for PXE boot server
> ddns-update-style interim;
> ignore client-updates;
> authoritative;
> allow booting;
> allow bootp;
> allow unknown-clients;
>
> subnet 192.168.99.0
> netmask 255.255.255.0
> {
> range 192.168.99.100 192.168.99.199;
> option domain-name-servers 192.168.99.2;
> option domain-name "itlab.com";
> option routers 192.168.99.2;
> option broadcast-address 192.168.99.255;
> default-lease-time 600;
> max-lease-time 7200;
> #PXE boot server
> next-server 192.168.99.99;
> filename "pxelinux.0";
> }
> EOF

cat >> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf << EOF
> #DHCP configuration for PXE boot server
> ddns-update-style interim;
> ignore client-updates;
> authoritative;
> allow booting;
> allow bootp;
> allow unknown-clients;
>
> subnet 192.168.99.0
> netmask 255.255.255.0
> {
> range 192.168.99.100 192.168.99.199;
> option domain-name-servers 192.168.99.2;
> option domain-name "itlab.com";
> option routers 192.168.99.2;
> option broadcast-address 192.168.99.255;
> default-lease-time 600;
> max-lease-time 7200;
> #PXE boot server
> next-server 192.168.99.99;
> filename "pxelinux.0";
> }
> EOF

启动并添加dhcp服务:

systemctl start dhcpd.service && systemctl enable dhcpd.service

systemctl start dhcpd.service && systemctl enable dhcpd.service

HTTP 服务器(或者FTP服务器)

  1. 挂载本地光盘镜像,并挂载至http服务器的某个路径
[root@master /]\# mount -r /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7	# 挂载
[root@master /]\# ls /var/www/html/centos7		# 查看
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

[root@master /]\# mount -r /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7	# 挂载
[root@master /]\# ls /var/www/html/centos7		# 查看
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL
  1. 添加并修改kickstart文件(放置于/var/www/html/ks/centos7.cfg)
# 修改部分内容
...
url --url="http://192.168.99.99/centos7"
...

# 修改部分内容
...
url --url="http://192.168.99.99/centos7"
...

ℹ️ 该文件可以使用system-config-kickstart图形化工具来生成.

  1. 启动 http 服务器,systemctl start httpd

TFTP 服务器

  1. 启动 TFTP SERVER (该服务默认监听在udp的69号端口)
systemctl start tftp.socket

systemctl start tftp.socket
  1. 编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no			# 改为no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no			# 改为no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

systemctl restart xinetd.service

或者:

systemctl start tftp.socket && systemctl enable tftp.socket

systemctl start tftp.socket && systemctl enable tftp.socket
  1. 安装syslinux程序包
yum install -y syslinux

yum install -y syslinux
  1. 将所需文件放置在 tftp 根目录(/var/lib/tftpboot/)
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/	# 复制引导文件
cp /usr/share/syslinux/{chain.c32,menu.c32,mboot.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/		# 使用menu.c32界面

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/networkboot/centos7
cp /var/www/html/centos7/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/networkboot/centos7	# 复制驱动文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

# cp -rf /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
# 也可以直接修改原版镜像当中的菜单界面
# mv /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/	# 复制引导文件
cp /usr/share/syslinux/{chain.c32,menu.c32,mboot.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/		# 使用menu.c32界面

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/networkboot/centos7
cp /var/www/html/centos7/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/networkboot/centos7	# 复制驱动文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

# cp -rf /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
# 也可以直接修改原版镜像当中的菜单界面
# mv /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default文件内容如下所示:

[root@master ~]\# cat >> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default << EOF
default menu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 30

menu title AGou's PXE Menu
label Install CentOS 7
kernel /networkboot/centos7/vmlinuz
append initrd=/networkboot/centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.99.99/centos7 inst.ks=http://192.168.99.99/ks/centos7.cfg

[root@master ~]\# cat >> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default << EOF
default menu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 30

menu title AGou's PXE Menu
label Install CentOS 7
kernel /networkboot/centos7/vmlinuz
append initrd=/networkboot/centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.99.99/centos7 inst.ks=http://192.168.99.99/ks/centos7.cfg

PXE 无人值守安装CentOS 6

安装步骤大致与安装CentOS 7 相同,不同之处在于:

 cp -rf /var/www/html/centos6/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/

 cp -rf /var/www/html/centos6/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/