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MySQL游标
游标(Cursor)是处理数据的一种方法,为了查看或者处理结果集中的数据,游标提供了在结果集中一次一行遍历数据的能力。⚠️游标只能在存储过程和函数中使用。
游标的处理过程:4步
声明游标
declare
:没有检索数据,只是定义要使用的select语句打开游标
open
:打开游标以供使用,用上一步定义的select语句把数据实际检索出来检索游标
fetch
:对于填有数据的游标,根据需要取出(检索)各行关闭游标
close
:在结束游标使用时,必须关闭游标
游标语法
声明游标:
DECLARE <游标名称> CURSOR FOR <查询语句>;
DECLARE <游标名称> CURSOR FOR <查询语句>;
打开游标:
OPEN <游标名称>;
OPEN <游标名称>;
遍历游标:
FETCH <游标名称> INTO <变量列表>;
FETCH <游标名称> INTO <变量列表>;
关闭游标:
CLOSE <游标名称>;
CLOSE <游标名称>;
示例
/*删除函数*/
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS fun1;
/*声明结束符为$*/
DELIMITER $
/*创建函数*/
CREATE FUNCTION fun1(v_max_a int)
RETURNS int
BEGIN
/*用于保存结果*/
DECLARE v_total int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建一个变量,用来保存当前行中a的值*/
DECLARE v_a int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建一个变量,用来保存当前行中b的值*/
DECLARE v_b int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建游标结束标志变量*/
DECLARE v_done int DEFAULT FALSE;
/*创建游标*/
DECLARE cur_test1 CURSOR FOR SELECT a,b from test1 where a<=v_max_a;
/*设置游标结束时v_done的值为true,可以v_done来判断游标是否结束了*/
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET v_done=TRUE;
/*设置v_total初始值*/
SET v_total = 0;
/*打开游标*/
OPEN cur_test1;
/*使用Loop循环遍历游标*/
a:LOOP
/*先获取当前行的数据,然后将当前行的数据放入v_a,v_b中,如果当前行无数据,v_done会被置为true*/
FETCH cur_test1 INTO v_a, v_b;
/*通过v_done来判断游标是否结束了,退出循环*/
if v_done THEN
LEAVE a;
END IF;
/*对v_total值累加处理*/
SET v_total = v_total + v_a + v_b;
END LOOP;
/*关闭游标*/
CLOSE cur_test1;
/*返回结果*/
RETURN v_total;
END $
/*结束符置为;*/
DELIMITER ;
/*删除函数*/
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS fun1;
/*声明结束符为$*/
DELIMITER $
/*创建函数*/
CREATE FUNCTION fun1(v_max_a int)
RETURNS int
BEGIN
/*用于保存结果*/
DECLARE v_total int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建一个变量,用来保存当前行中a的值*/
DECLARE v_a int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建一个变量,用来保存当前行中b的值*/
DECLARE v_b int DEFAULT 0;
/*创建游标结束标志变量*/
DECLARE v_done int DEFAULT FALSE;
/*创建游标*/
DECLARE cur_test1 CURSOR FOR SELECT a,b from test1 where a<=v_max_a;
/*设置游标结束时v_done的值为true,可以v_done来判断游标是否结束了*/
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET v_done=TRUE;
/*设置v_total初始值*/
SET v_total = 0;
/*打开游标*/
OPEN cur_test1;
/*使用Loop循环遍历游标*/
a:LOOP
/*先获取当前行的数据,然后将当前行的数据放入v_a,v_b中,如果当前行无数据,v_done会被置为true*/
FETCH cur_test1 INTO v_a, v_b;
/*通过v_done来判断游标是否结束了,退出循环*/
if v_done THEN
LEAVE a;
END IF;
/*对v_total值累加处理*/
SET v_total = v_total + v_a + v_b;
END LOOP;
/*关闭游标*/
CLOSE cur_test1;
/*返回结果*/
RETURN v_total;
END $
/*结束符置为;*/
DELIMITER ;
mysql> delimiter $$
mysql> create procedure number_of_players(
-> out pnumber int)
-> begin
-> declare a_playerno int;
-> declare found bool default true; 循环控制变量,其值为false时循环结束
->
-> declare c_players cursor for
-> select playerno from PLAYERS; ①声明游标
->
-> declare continue handler for not found
-> set found=false; 声明异常处理程序
->
-> set pnumber=0;
->
-> open c_players; ②打开游标
->
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno; ③检索游标(检索第一行)
-> while found do
-> set pnumber=pnumber+1;
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> end while; 循环检索其余行
->
-> close c_players; ④关闭游标
-> end$$
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call number_of_players(@pnumber);
mysql> select @pnumber;
+----------+
| @pnumber |
+----------+
| 14 |
+----------+
mysql> select count(*) from PLAYERS;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 14 |
+----------+
mysql> delimiter $$
mysql> create procedure number_of_players(
-> out pnumber int)
-> begin
-> declare a_playerno int;
-> declare found bool default true; 循环控制变量,其值为false时循环结束
->
-> declare c_players cursor for
-> select playerno from PLAYERS; ①声明游标
->
-> declare continue handler for not found
-> set found=false; 声明异常处理程序
->
-> set pnumber=0;
->
-> open c_players; ②打开游标
->
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno; ③检索游标(检索第一行)
-> while found do
-> set pnumber=pnumber+1;
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> end while; 循环检索其余行
->
-> close c_players; ④关闭游标
-> end$$
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call number_of_players(@pnumber);
mysql> select @pnumber;
+----------+
| @pnumber |
+----------+
| 14 |
+----------+
mysql> select count(*) from PLAYERS;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 14 |
+----------+
mysql> delimiter $$
mysql> create procedure number_penalties(
-> in p_playerno int,
-> out pnumber int)
-> begin
-> declare a_playerno int;
-> declare found bool default true; 循环控制变量
->
-> declare c_players cursor for 声明游标
-> select playerno
-> from PENALTIES
-> where playerno = p_playerno; 包含变量p_playerno
->
-> declare continue handler for not found
-> set found=false; 声明异常处理程序
->
-> set pnumber=0;
->
-> open c_players; 打开游标
->
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> while found do 循环检索游标每一行
-> set pnumber=pnumber+1;
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> end while;
->
-> close c_players; 关闭游标
-> end$$
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call number_penalties(44,@pnumber);
mysql> select @pnumber;
+----------+
| @pnumber |
+----------+
| 3 |
+----------+
mysql> delimiter $$
mysql> create procedure number_penalties(
-> in p_playerno int,
-> out pnumber int)
-> begin
-> declare a_playerno int;
-> declare found bool default true; 循环控制变量
->
-> declare c_players cursor for 声明游标
-> select playerno
-> from PENALTIES
-> where playerno = p_playerno; 包含变量p_playerno
->
-> declare continue handler for not found
-> set found=false; 声明异常处理程序
->
-> set pnumber=0;
->
-> open c_players; 打开游标
->
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> while found do 循环检索游标每一行
-> set pnumber=pnumber+1;
-> fetch c_players into a_playerno;
-> end while;
->
-> close c_players; 关闭游标
-> end$$
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> call number_penalties(44,@pnumber);
mysql> select @pnumber;
+----------+
| @pnumber |
+----------+
| 3 |
+----------+
示例均来源于网络。